Photon Sphere
Radio emission from the accretion disk surrounding the supermassive black hole M87* (captured 2017, computed 2019 ) as imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope . The photon sphere lies within the dark shadow (which has a radius of approximately 2.6 times the Schwarzschild radius. A Schwarschild radius is the distance from a Black hole's singularity (infinitely dense center of a black hole) to it's Event horizon (outermost part of a black hole). We know that light is influenced by the gravity. So when the photons come near the black holes, some of them fall into it, while some are not as close to the black hole so they are not consumed by it but their trajectory changes due to the immense gravity of the black hole. The third condition is utterly different, the photon as it comes near the black hole at a particular distance which is 3/2 or 1.5 Schwarschild radius, it literally starts to orbit the black hole. Now, the equation below shows tha...